黃翔：《Enel在電動(dòng)汽車(chē)充電領(lǐng)域的經(jīng)驗(yàn)分享》

 

本屆大會(huì)以“聚焦高質(zhì)量·引領(lǐng)新發(fā)展”為主題，集“展覽展示+主論壇+11場(chǎng)分論壇+新品發(fā)布+品牌評(píng)選”為一體。大會(huì)共邀請(qǐng)到200+演講嘉賓，匯聚了2000+來(lái)自政府部門(mén)、專(zhuān)家學(xué)者和充換電產(chǎn)業(yè)上下游企業(yè)高層，一同見(jiàn)證充換電產(chǎn)業(yè)的無(wú)限機(jī)遇，共話(huà)充換電產(chǎn)業(yè)未來(lái)的發(fā)展之路。
 

5月23日，意科能源（上海）有限公司銷(xiāo)售及戰(zhàn)略總監(jiān) 黃翔以《Enel集團(tuán)在電動(dòng)汽車(chē)充電領(lǐng)域的經(jīng)驗(yàn)分享》為主題進(jìn)行演講。

 

演講整理

 

 

黃翔介紹道，Enel成立于20世紀(jì)60年代，起初專(zhuān)注于電網(wǎng)建設(shè)，隨后逐步擴(kuò)展到意大利及周邊國(guó)家的電網(wǎng)互動(dòng)和連通工作。70年代和80年代，公司在傳統(tǒng)能源發(fā)電業(yè)務(wù)的基礎(chǔ)上，開(kāi)始將光伏、風(fēng)能和水電等清潔能源引入歐洲電網(wǎng)。90年代，歐盟一體化推動(dòng)了電網(wǎng)的私有化，Enel順應(yīng)這一趨勢(shì)成為歐洲最大電力公司。

 

2016年，Enel開(kāi)始大力投入能源數(shù)字化，現(xiàn)已成為全球管理需求響應(yīng)最大的公司之一。目前，Enel有五大業(yè)務(wù)線(xiàn)，包括Enel Green（可再生能源資產(chǎn)）、Global Infrastructure & Networks（智能電網(wǎng)）、Global Energy & Commodity Management（電力和天然氣大宗商品交易）、Enel X（數(shù)字化能源服務(wù)）和Global e-Mobility（電動(dòng)汽車(chē)和電網(wǎng)互動(dòng)）。

 

2023年，公司營(yíng)收約960億歐元，息稅前利潤(rùn)約260億歐元。Enel作為全球第二大電力公司，僅次于中國(guó)國(guó)家電網(wǎng)，用戶(hù)數(shù)量接近8000萬(wàn)。為了推動(dòng)交通電動(dòng)化，公司于2022年成立了Enel X Way品牌，致力于為包括中國(guó)在內(nèi)的全球市場(chǎng)提供智能綠色的電動(dòng)出行解決方案和綜合服務(wù)。

 

在電動(dòng)汽車(chē)充電領(lǐng)域，Enel已有15年的發(fā)展歷史。2010年，公司開(kāi)始布局充電業(yè)務(wù)，2013年推出50千瓦快充樁，2016年在歐洲建設(shè)快充網(wǎng)絡(luò)。2017年收購(gòu)了一家美國(guó)充電樁硬件公司，2019年入股歐洲最大的充電網(wǎng)絡(luò)互聯(lián)互通平臺(tái)的HUBJECT公司，2021年與大眾在意大利成立合資公司，計(jì)劃建設(shè)3000個(gè)充電站點(diǎn)。2022年，Enel X Way正式成立，提供從建站尋址、補(bǔ)貼政策到軟硬件產(chǎn)品的全面服務(wù)，在國(guó)內(nèi)將與星星充電和特來(lái)電等展開(kāi)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。

 

Enel還開(kāi)發(fā)了遠(yuǎn)程控制系統(tǒng)，將區(qū)域電力調(diào)度與充電結(jié)合，利用需求響應(yīng)部門(mén)的成熟商業(yè)模式，推動(dòng)相關(guān)項(xiàng)目。公司的APP展示了在歐洲的快充樁網(wǎng)絡(luò)，集成了20多萬(wàn)根充電槍?zhuān)饕渴鹪谝獯罄?、西班牙和利比里亞半島等地，每年充電次數(shù)達(dá)兩三百萬(wàn)次。

 

為了更好地布局產(chǎn)業(yè)，Enel在硬件方面進(jìn)行了深入定義，通過(guò)與供應(yīng)商合作，確保產(chǎn)品符合法規(guī)和公司的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和需求。所有軟件和平臺(tái)層面的內(nèi)容均由Enel自主開(kāi)發(fā)，供應(yīng)商需通過(guò)聯(lián)調(diào)才能加入公司的供應(yīng)鏈。

 

Enel在全球多個(gè)地區(qū)設(shè)有高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的充電站點(diǎn)，合作伙伴涵蓋主要車(chē)企、商用車(chē)隊(duì)、公交公司和零售商，展示了公司在電動(dòng)化和能源轉(zhuǎn)型方面的實(shí)力和影響力。

 

從充電行業(yè)發(fā)展的底層邏輯來(lái)看，他認(rèn)為：整個(gè)充電設(shè)備制造商的設(shè)備實(shí)際上銷(xiāo)售給充電運(yùn)營(yíng)商（CPO），CPO的核心業(yè)務(wù)是電力服務(wù)，而電力來(lái)自配電公司（電網(wǎng)公司），電網(wǎng)公司則從發(fā)電廠(chǎng)購(gòu)電。在這個(gè)產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈中，歐洲的邏輯線(xiàn)得以貫通的原因主要在于政策驅(qū)動(dòng)和價(jià)值鏈上的各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)共同遵循規(guī)則。在國(guó)內(nèi)，這一邏輯鏈也受到類(lèi)似因素的影響。

 

近年來(lái)，氣候變化、能源安全和智能電網(wǎng)的發(fā)展推動(dòng)了政策的制定和實(shí)施。歐盟的《歐洲氣候法》、碳排放交易系統(tǒng)、歐洲綠色交易計(jì)劃（Green Deal）以及俄烏戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)后出臺(tái)的REPower、EU等法規(guī)，都表明能源、電力和工業(yè)領(lǐng)域的所有議題都集中在幾個(gè)核心法案之中。國(guó)內(nèi)政策也是圍繞“碳達(dá)峰”目標(biāo)進(jìn)行部署，例如尚未完全通過(guò)的《能源法》。

 

在這一背景下，輸配電領(lǐng)域面臨設(shè)備老化、可再生能源接入的波動(dòng)性和不穩(wěn)定性等問(wèn)題。設(shè)備投資涉及經(jīng)濟(jì)成本和投資回報(bào)率，商業(yè)模式的可行性以及資本市場(chǎng)的認(rèn)可度也是關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題。

 

他強(qiáng)調(diào)，充電網(wǎng)絡(luò)建設(shè)同樣面臨挑戰(zhàn)。CPO在建站過(guò)程中，最核心的問(wèn)題是電力供應(yīng)。無(wú)論是建設(shè)10個(gè)、20個(gè)還是100個(gè)充電樁，電力容量的確保都是難點(diǎn)。然而，正是這些挑戰(zhàn)推動(dòng)了技術(shù)進(jìn)步和行業(yè)的發(fā)展。

 

基于充電行業(yè)發(fā)展的底層邏輯，他特別提出兩個(gè)問(wèn)題：

 

第一，充電行業(yè)這個(gè)產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈最核心的挑戰(zhàn)是什么。

 

他表示，從歐洲市場(chǎng)來(lái)看，歐洲充電行業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈的核心挑戰(zhàn)在于解決根本問(wèn)題，即如何有效提供充電服務(wù)。這個(gè)過(guò)程涉及電網(wǎng)的配合，以及新技術(shù)的引進(jìn)和開(kāi)發(fā)，這些都是行業(yè)關(guān)注的重點(diǎn)。

 

他以去年挪威的一個(gè)行業(yè)案例為例，一個(gè)項(xiàng)目需要建設(shè)4個(gè)充電車(chē)位，每個(gè)充電樁功率為60kW，總功率為240kW。理論上，申請(qǐng)一個(gè)400千伏安的變壓器即可。然而，在向挪威當(dāng)?shù)卣暾?qǐng)電力時(shí)，得到的答復(fù)是需要等待8年才能獲得所需的容量。八年時(shí)間內(nèi)，國(guó)內(nèi)的充電樁可能已經(jīng)報(bào)廢，而這個(gè)項(xiàng)目才剛剛起步。這種困境中的產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈障礙，需要通過(guò)合理的商業(yè)邏輯和利益分配來(lái)解決，才能讓項(xiàng)目順利運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。

 

目前，為解決該問(wèn)題也有一些解決方法，比如增加儲(chǔ)能設(shè)備。在國(guó)內(nèi)，增加儲(chǔ)能設(shè)備可能會(huì)使投資回報(bào)率變得不理想。但在歐洲，由于電價(jià)波動(dòng)大、電力市場(chǎng)開(kāi)放，支持現(xiàn)貨交易和長(zhǎng)期交易，商業(yè)模式具有足夠的彈性。他強(qiáng)調(diào)，當(dāng)企業(yè)找到自身優(yōu)勢(shì)點(diǎn)時(shí)，其在價(jià)值鏈中的位置和意義也就顯現(xiàn)出來(lái)。

 

第二，充電行業(yè)產(chǎn)品的窗口期還有多少。

 

他指出，窗口期本身這個(gè)概念非常籠統(tǒng)，單從設(shè)備端來(lái)看，國(guó)內(nèi)企業(yè)難度最高的是給大型能源公司或電力公司提供高功率直流樁。目前，國(guó)內(nèi)有幾家原始設(shè)備制造商是Enel的供應(yīng)商，但進(jìn)入供應(yīng)鏈通常需要約兩年時(shí)間。這一過(guò)程涉及產(chǎn)品定義、軟硬件調(diào)試、信息安全、售后維護(hù)及現(xiàn)場(chǎng)服務(wù)等問(wèn)題，無(wú)論對(duì)于哪種規(guī)模大小的企業(yè)，進(jìn)入Enel全球體系都具有一定的準(zhǔn)入門(mén)檻。

 

以售后維護(hù)為例，歐洲的商業(yè)氛圍與國(guó)內(nèi)不同，歐洲更注重商業(yè)模式的穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行、長(zhǎng)期的穩(wěn)定收益以及安全性。國(guó)內(nèi)企業(yè)在歐洲提供服務(wù)時(shí)，若出現(xiàn)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)售后問(wèn)題，可能會(huì)面臨被停產(chǎn)或核查的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

 

他強(qiáng)調(diào)，國(guó)內(nèi)設(shè)備制造商進(jìn)入一家大型CPO或能源公司的采購(gòu)系統(tǒng)需要2到3年的周期，大功率直流樁的產(chǎn)品研發(fā)周期約為兩年，產(chǎn)品需經(jīng)過(guò)2到3次迭代才能成熟。現(xiàn)在的800V平臺(tái)已經(jīng)普及，未來(lái)5到8年內(nèi)，1000V平臺(tái)也將成為主流。如果未能在這段時(shí)間內(nèi)進(jìn)入歐洲供應(yīng)鏈，將很難再有機(jī)會(huì)。

 

對(duì)于家庭充電樁，歐洲本土制造的理念在不斷加強(qiáng)，許多本土企業(yè)已經(jīng)生產(chǎn)出不錯(cuò)的產(chǎn)品，歐洲企業(yè)選擇本土產(chǎn)品也是順其自然的過(guò)程。因此，國(guó)內(nèi)企業(yè)在交流樁領(lǐng)域的窗口期可能已經(jīng)過(guò)去。

 

黃翔指出，在某些特定細(xì)分領(lǐng)域，如小功率直流樁，目前在歐洲市場(chǎng)上還沒(méi)有成熟的產(chǎn)品。在車(chē)隊(duì)管理和物業(yè)地產(chǎn)等領(lǐng)域，可能還有3到5年的機(jī)會(huì)。這類(lèi)產(chǎn)品功率相對(duì)較小，經(jīng)過(guò)兩到三代的迭代后，市場(chǎng)可能會(huì)趨于穩(wěn)定，因此這是國(guó)內(nèi)企業(yè)的窗口期。

 

From May 22 to 24, the 2024 Third China International Charging Pile and Battery Swap Station Exhibition and the 2024 Tenth China International Electric Vehicle Charging and Battery Swap Industry Conference, co-hosted by Charging Pile Network, Charging and Battery Swap 100-Person Association, and Light Storage Charging and Battery Swap Industry Alliance, were grandly held at the Shanghai Auto Exhibition Center.

 

This year's conference, themed "Focusing on High Quality, Leading New Development," integrated "exhibition display + main forum + 11 sub-forums + new product release + brand evaluation." The conference invited over 200 speakers and gathered more than 2000 high-level participants from government departments, experts, scholars, and upstream and downstream enterprises in the charging and battery swap industry. Together, they witnessed the infinite opportunities in the charging and battery swap industry and discussed the future development path of the industry.

 

On May 23, Huang Xiang, Sales Director and Strategic Director of Enel (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., delivered a speech on "Enel's Experience in the Electric Vehicle Charging Field." Huang Xiang introduced that Enel was established in the 1960s, initially focusing on grid construction and gradually expanding to grid interaction and connectivity in Italy and neighboring countries. In the 1970s and 1980s, based on traditional energy generation, the company began integrating clean energy sources such as photovoltaics, wind, and hydropower into the European grid. In the 1990s, EU integration promoted grid privatization, and Enel became the largest power company in Europe, adapting to this trend.

 

In 2016, Enel heavily invested in energy digitization and has since become one of the largest global demand response management companies. Enel currently has five main business lines: Enel Green (renewable energy assets), Global Infrastructure & Networks (smart grid), Global Energy & Commodity Management (electricity and gas commodity trading), Enel X (retail business), and Global e-Mobility (electric vehicles and grid interaction).

 

In 2023, the company's revenue was approximately 96 billion euros, with EBITDA of about 26 billion euros. Enel is the second-largest power company in the world, second only to the State Grid Corporation of China, with nearly 80 million users. To promote transportation electrification, the company established the Enel Way brand in 2022, dedicated to providing customers with a better electrification experience.

 

Enel has 15 years of experience in the electric vehicle charging field. In 2010, the company began developing its charging business, launching a 50kW fast-charging pile in 2013, and building a fast-charging network in Europe in 2016. In 2017, it acquired a U.S. charging pile hardware company, and in 2019, it invested in HUBJECT, Europe's largest charging network interoperability platform. In 2021, it established a joint venture with Volkswagen in Italy, planning to build 3,000 charging stations. Enel Way was formally established in 2022, providing comprehensive services from site selection and subsidy policies to hardware and software products, similar to domestic companies like Star Charge and TELD.

 

Enel also developed a remote control system that combines regional power dispatch with charging, leveraging the mature business model of the demand response department to promote related projects. The company's app showcases its fast-charging network in Europe, integrating over 200,000 charging guns, mainly deployed in Italy, Spain, and the Iberian Peninsula, with two to three million charging sessions annually.

 

To better develop the industry, Enel has deeply defined its hardware by collaborating with suppliers to ensure products comply with regulations and company standards. All software and platform content are independently developed by Enel, and suppliers must pass joint debugging to join the company's supply chain.

 

Enel has high-standard charging stations in multiple regions worldwide, with partners including major car manufacturers, commercial fleets, bus companies, and retailers, showcasing the company's strength and influence in electrification and energy transformation.

 

Regarding the fundamental logic of charging industry development, Huang Xiang believes that the core of the industry chain lies in charging equipment manufacturers selling their equipment to Charging Point Operators (CPOs), whose core business is electricity services. Electricity comes from distribution companies (grid companies), which purchase power from power plants. This industrial chain in Europe is connected mainly due to policy-driven initiatives and adherence to rules across various segments of the value chain. In China, similar factors influence this logic chain.

 

In recent years, climate change, energy security, and the development of smart grids have driven policy formulation and implementation. The EU's European Climate Law, carbon emission trading system, European Green Deal, and post-Russia-Ukraine war regulations like REPowerEU indicate that all issues in the energy, electricity, and industrial sectors focus on a few core bills. Domestic policies are also deployed around the "carbon peak" goal, such as the not-yet-passed Energy Law.

 

In this context, the transmission and distribution field faces challenges such as equipment aging and the volatility and instability of renewable energy integration. Equipment investment involves economic costs and return on investment, and the feasibility of business models and capital market recognition are key issues.

 

Huang Xiang emphasized that building charging networks also faces challenges. The core issue for CPOs in building stations is ensuring power supply. Whether building 10, 20, or 100 charging piles, ensuring power capacity is difficult. However, these challenges drive technological progress and industry development.

 

based on the fundamental logic of charging industry development, he highlighted two key issues:

 

The core challenge of the charging industry chain.

 

From the European market perspective, the core challenge of the European charging industry chain is effectively providing charging services. This process involves grid cooperation and the introduction and development of new technologies, which are key focus areas for the industry.

 

He cited an industry case in Norway last year, where a project needed four charging spaces, each with a power of 60kW, totaling 240kW. Theoretically, applying for a 400kVA transformer would suffice. However, when applying for power from the local government, the reply was an eight-year wait for the required capacity. In eight years, domestic charging piles might already be obsolete, while this project was just starting. Overcoming such industrial chain obstacles requires reasonable business logic and benefit distribution to ensure project smooth operation.

 

Currently, there are solutions to this problem, such as adding energy storage devices. In China, adding energy storage may make the investment return rate undesirable. But in Europe, due to significant electricity price fluctuations and an open power market supporting spot and long-term trading, the business model has enough flexibility. He emphasized that when a company finds its advantage, its position and significance in the value chain become apparent.

 

The window period for charging industry products.

 

He pointed out that the window period concept is very broad. From the equipment perspective, the most challenging task for domestic enterprises is providing high-power DC piles to large energy or power companies. Currently, several domestic equipment manufacturers are Enel's suppliers, but joining the supply chain usually takes about two years. This process involves product definition, software and hardware debugging, information security, after-sales maintenance, and on-site services. Regardless of the company's size, entering Enel's system has certain entry barriers.

 

For example, in after-sales maintenance, the commercial atmosphere in Europe differs from that in China. Europe emphasizes stable operation, long-term stable revenue, and safety in business models. When domestic companies provide services in Europe, if on-site after-sales issues arise, they might face production suspension or inspection risks.

 

He emphasized that entering a large CPO or energy company takes 2 to 3 years, and the R&D cycle for high-power DC piles is about two years, with products maturing after 2 to 3 iterations. The 800V platform is now widespread, and the 1000V platform will become mainstream in the next 5 to 8 years. If a company fails to enter the European supply chain within this period, it will be challenging to have another opportunity.

 

Regarding home charging piles, the concept of local manufacturing in Europe is continuously strengthening, with many local companies already producing good products. European companies naturally choose local products, meaning the window period for domestic companies in the AC pile field might have passed.

 

Huang Xiang noted that in certain specific niche areas, such as low-power DC piles, no mature products exist in the European market. In fields like fleet management and property estates, there might still be a 3 to 5-year opportunity. These products have relatively low power, and after two to three generations of iteration, the market may stabilize, presenting a window period for domestic companies.